Breaking Down Medications for Weight Loss: Ozempic, Wegovy, and More
An expert explains how medications for weight loss like Ozempic and Wegovy work, their benefits, risks, and who they’re best for. Updated February 14, 2025 Medications for weight loss have soared in popularity since 2017, when Ozempic was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There are now nine types of FDA-approved GLP-1…
Nutrition
To maintain a healthy lifestyle, WHO recommends eating 400 g of fruit and vegetables per day; reducing fat, sugar and salt intake; and regular physical activity.WHO and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) state that intake of transfats should be as low as possible (
青少年精神卫生
重要事实全球10-19岁人群中，有七分之一患有精神障碍，占该年龄组全球疾病负担的15%。抑郁症、焦虑症和行为障碍是青少年患病和残疾的部分主要原因。自杀是15-29岁年龄组人群的第三大死因。青少年的精神卫生问题得不到解决，后果会延续到成年期，损害身心健康，并限制成年后过上充实生活的机会。概览有六分之一的人口处于10-19岁这个年龄段。青春期是一个独特的发展时期。身体、情感和社会方面的变化，包括暴露于贫困、虐待或暴力，都会使青少年容易受到精神卫生问题的影响。保护青少年免受逆境影响，促进社会情感学习和心理健康并确保获得精神卫生保健的机会对他们在青春期和成年期的健康和福祉至关重要。据估计，全球10-19岁人群中，有七分之一（14%）患有精神障碍(1)，然而，这些疾病在很大程度上仍不为人知，也未能得到治疗。患有精神障碍的青少年特别容易遭受社会排斥、歧视、污名化（影响寻求帮助的意愿）和侵犯人权行为，或是出现教育问题、冒险行为和身体不适。精神卫生决定因素青春期是形成对精神健康至关重要的社交和情感习惯的关键时期。这些习惯包括采用健康的睡眠模式；定期锻炼；培养应对、解决问题的技能和人际交往技能；以及学习管理情绪。家庭、学校和更广泛的社区所创造的保护性和支持性环境也十分重要。影响精神卫生的因素有多种。青少年接触到的风险因素越多，其精神卫生受到的潜在影响就越大。在青春期，可导致压力的因素包括暴露于逆境、为顺应同伴导致的压力以及对身份的探索。媒体影响和性别规范可能会加大青少年的生活现实与他们对未来的看法或愿望之间的差距。其他重要决定因素包括其家庭生活的质量及其与同龄人的关系。暴力（特别是性暴力和欺凌）、苛刻的养育方式以及严重的社会经济问题属于公认的精神卫生风险。一些青少年由于其生活状况、所遭受的污名化、歧视或排斥，或因无法获得高质量的支持和服务而面临更大的罹患精神障碍的风险。这其中包括生活在人道主义和脆弱环境中的青少年；患有慢性病、泛自闭症障碍、智力残疾或其他神经系统疾病的青少年；怀孕的青少年、青少年父母或有早婚或强迫婚姻经历者；孤儿；以及少数民族或具有少数性取向或其他受歧视群体的青少年。情绪障碍情绪障碍在青少年中很常见。焦虑障碍（可能包括恐慌或过度担忧）在这个年龄组中最为普遍，而且，与相比低龄青少年，在高龄青少年中更为常见。据估计，有4.4%的10-14岁青少年和5.5%的15-19岁青少年患有焦虑障碍(1)。据估计，有1.4%的10-14岁青少年和3.5%的15-19岁青少年会出现抑郁症(1)。抑郁症和焦虑症有一些相同的症状，包括情绪的快速和意外变化。焦虑和抑郁性障碍会严重影响学业和出勤。逃避社交会加剧孤立和孤独感。抑郁症可导致自杀。行为障碍行为障碍在低龄青少年中比在高龄青少年中更为常见。注意缺陷多动障碍的特征包括难以集中注意力和/或过度活动和不顾后果的行为，有2.9%的10-14岁青少年和2.2%的15-19岁青少年患有此种疾病(1)。有3.5%的10-14岁青少年和1.9%的15-19岁青少年患有品行障碍（包括具有破坏性或挑战性行为的症状）(1)。行为障碍会影响青少年的教育并增加犯罪行为的风险。饮食失调饮食失调，如神经性厌食症和神经性贪食症，常见于青春期和青年期。饮食失调包括饮食行为异常及对食物过度关注，在大多数情况下，还伴随着对体重和体型的担忧。女孩比男孩更容易受到影响。饮食失调会影响身体健康，并且经常与抑郁症、焦虑症和物质使用障碍同时存在。据估计，0.1%的10-14岁青少年和0.4%的15-19岁青少年患有饮食失调(1)。饮食失调与自杀有关。神经性厌食症可导致过早死亡，通常由医疗并发症或自杀造成，其死亡率高于任何其他精神障碍。精神病包括精神病症状在内的障碍最常出现在青少年后期或成年早期。精神病症状可包括幻觉或妄想。这些经历会损害青少年参与日常生活和学习的能力，并经常导致遭受污名化或侵犯人权行为。15-19岁青少年中有0.1%患有精神分裂症(1)。自杀和自残自杀是大龄青少年和年轻成人（15-29岁）的第三大死因(2)。自杀的风险因素是多方面的，包括有害使用酒精、童年时期受到虐待、求助被污名化、难以获得治疗以及获得自杀手段。数字媒体和任何其他媒体一样，可在加强或削弱预防自杀工作方面发挥重要作用。冒险行为物质使用或性冒险等许多与健康有关的冒险行为都始于青春期。冒险行为可能是一种无益于应对情绪困扰的策略，并会严重影响青少年的身心健康。年轻人特别容易养成有害使用物质模式，这种模式会持续一生。2019年，全球15-19岁青少年的饮酒率很高（22%），性别差异很小，且一些地区的饮酒量呈现上升趋势(3)。使用烟草和大麻是另一个令人关切的问题。许多成年吸烟者都是在18岁之前抽吸第一支烟。2022年，全球青少年使用大麻的流行率高于成年人（分别为5.5%和4.4%）(4)。实施暴力属于冒险行为，可能会增加受教育程度低、损伤、参与犯罪或死亡的可能性。2021年，人际暴力被列为大龄青少年死亡的主要原因之一(1)。促进和预防需在精神卫生领域采取干预措施，开展促进和预防工作，以提高个人能力，使个人能够控制情绪，更好地避免冒险行为，善于应对困难情况或逆境，并促进建立有利的社会环境和社交网络。这些规划要求采用多层面办法，通过各种服务交付平台（例如数字媒体、卫生或社会保健机构、学校或社区）并利用各种策略，为青少年尤其是最脆弱的青少年提供服务。早期发现和治疗解决患有精神障碍的青少年的需求至关重要。就青少年的精神卫生而言，避免将其交送专门机构，避免过度医疗，优先考虑非药物方法并根据《联合国儿童权利公约》和其他人权文书尊重儿童权利是关键所在。世卫组织的应对世卫组织采用各种策略、规划和工具，协助各国政府应对青少年的卫生需求。例如，“帮助青少年茁壮成长”倡议是世卫组织和儿基会共同开展的一项工作，旨在加强有关青少年精神卫生的政策和规划。更具体而言，通过该倡议作出的努力皆旨在促进精神卫生，预防精神卫生问题。它们还意在帮助防止自残和其他危险行为，如有害使用酒精和药物，因为这些行为会对年轻人的身心健康产生负面影响。世卫组织还开发了一个关于儿童和青少年精神和行为障碍管理的模块，作为世卫组织《精神卫生差距行动规划干预指南》2.0的一部分。该指南为在非专业护理环境中评估和管理一系列精神卫生问题提供了循证临床方案。此外，世卫组织正在开发和测试可扩展的心理干预措施，以解决青少年情绪障碍问题，并在编制青少年精神卫生服务指导文件。世卫组织东地中海区域办事处为教育工作者开发了一个精神卫生培训包，以增进对学校环境中精神卫生重要性的认识，并指导实施旨在促进、保护和恢复学生精神卫生面貌的战略。其中包括了一些培训手册和材料，以帮助增加努力促进精神卫生的学校的数量。(1) 卫生计量与评价研究所。全球卫生数据交换平台 (2) 世卫组织2000-2021年全球卫生估计(3) 2024年酒精与健康以及物质使用障碍治疗全球状况报告(4) 世界毒品问题报告。日内瓦：联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室；2024年 世卫组织青少年精神卫生实况报道，描述了青少年卫生疾患的类别、如何预防、早期发现和治疗以及世卫组织的应对工作等重要事实。
Your Weekly Cardio Plan To Lose More Weight in 2025
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Powerful Natural Detox Drinks to Cleanse Your Body While Improving
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5 Foods You Should Eat Every Week for a Healthy
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The 8-Week Diet Plan for Six-Pack Abs
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Gym Diet Plan: Pre-Workout, Post Workout & 7 Day Gym Diet Chart
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